{"id":1963,"date":"2026-10-23T08:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-10-23T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bastone-petrochem.com\/?p=1963"},"modified":"2026-10-23T08:00:00","modified_gmt":"2026-10-23T00:00:00","slug":"how-is-acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene-made","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bastone-petrochem.com\/es\/how-is-acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene-made\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00bfC\u00f3mo se fabrica el acrilonitrilo butadieno estireno?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El ABS se fabrica polimerizando estireno y acrilonitrilo en presencia de caucho de polibutadieno, de modo que parte del copol\u00edmero de estireno-acrilonitrilo (SAN) se injerta sobre las part\u00edculas de caucho y el resto forma la matriz r\u00edgida alrededor de ellas. Los tres mon\u00f3meros provienen de corrientes t\u00edpicas, y la resina polimerizada se compone y se corta en gr\u00e1nulos antes de su env\u00edo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Este art\u00edculo cubre c\u00f3mo <a href=\"https:\/\/bastone-petrochem.com\/es\/what-is-abs-plastic\/\">resina ABS<\/a> se fabrica; la formaci\u00f3n de piezas a partir de los gr\u00e1nulos mediante moldeo por inyecci\u00f3n, extrusi\u00f3n o termoformado es un tema aparte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Paso 1: Producci\u00f3n de los mon\u00f3meros<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cada uno de los tres mon\u00f3meros se fabrica a partir de materias primas t\u00edpicas, mediante una ruta dominante por mon\u00f3mero:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Acrilonitrilo<\/strong>: fabricado por amoxidaci\u00f3n, el proceso Sohio, en el que propileno, amon\u00edaco y aire reaccionan en fase vapor sobre un catalizador.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Butadieno<\/strong>: recuperado de la corriente C4 que un craqueador de vapor produce como coproducto del etileno, y luego concentrado mediante destilaci\u00f3n extractiva o extracci\u00f3n con disolvente.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Estireno<\/strong>: fabricado deshidrogenando etilbenceno, que a su vez se fabrica alquilando benceno con etileno.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En el ABS terminado, el contenido de caucho var\u00eda de 5 a 30 % en peso y el acrilonitrilo es aproximadamente 25 % en peso, con el estireno constituyendo el resto.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Paso 2: Polimerizaci\u00f3n del ABS<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El estireno y el acrilonitrilo se polimerizan en presencia de caucho de polibutadieno: algunas de las cadenas de SAN se injertan sobre el caucho, y el resto forma una matriz r\u00edgida de SAN en la que el caucho se sit\u00faa como part\u00edculas finas. El injerto mantiene unidas las dos fases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Las plantas ejecutan este paso mediante una de dos rutas principales, emulsi\u00f3n y masa, y la ruta de emulsi\u00f3n domina. La tecnolog\u00eda h\u00edbrida\/de emulsi\u00f3n, en la que el caucho de injerto se fabrica en emulsi\u00f3n y luego se mezcla con SAN fabricado por separado, representa aproximadamente el 97 % de la producci\u00f3n mundial de ABS, seg\u00fan <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cetjournal.it\/cet\/23\/100\/076.pdf\">un art\u00edculo de 2023<\/a> cuyos autores trabajan para un licenciante del proceso de masa competidor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Una tercera ruta, la de suspensi\u00f3n, comienza como el proceso de masa y finaliza la reacci\u00f3n en agua con agentes de suspensi\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El ABS de emulsi\u00f3n tiene part\u00edculas de caucho m\u00e1s peque\u00f1as y un acabado brillante y es adecuado para el moldeo por inyecci\u00f3n, pero el jab\u00f3n y el agua con los que se fabrica dejan emulsionante en el producto, y su color base var\u00eda, a menudo con un tono amarillo claro. El ABS de masa tiene un color base claro consistente, pero sus part\u00edculas de caucho m\u00e1s grandes dan un acabado mate, y es m\u00e1s adecuado para la extrusi\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Las calidades resistentes al calor y transparentes se fabrican en este paso cambiando la receta de mon\u00f3meros, a\u00f1adiendo un mon\u00f3mero adicional como el alfa-metilestireno o el metacrilato de metilo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Polimerizaci\u00f3n en emulsi\u00f3n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El ABS de emulsi\u00f3n se construye en agua, partiendo de mon\u00f3mero de butadieno y terminando como un polvo seco de caucho de injerto:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>L\u00e1tex de caucho<\/strong>: el butadieno se polimeriza en una emulsi\u00f3n acuosa para formar un l\u00e1tex de polibutadieno, y las part\u00edculas de l\u00e1tex se hacen crecer hasta el tama\u00f1o que necesita la calidad.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Injerto<\/strong>: el estireno y el acrilonitrilo se alimentan al l\u00e1tex y polimerizan sobre las part\u00edculas de caucho.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Coagulaci\u00f3n<\/strong>: se a\u00f1ade una soluci\u00f3n de sal o \u00e1cido para romper el l\u00e1tex, y el injerto precipita fuera del agua.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Deshidrataci\u00f3n y secado<\/strong>: el precipitado se centrifuga y se seca hasta convertirse en un polvo de caucho de injerto, listo para componerse con SAN en el Paso 3.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Polimerizaci\u00f3n en masa<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El ABS de masa, tambi\u00e9n llamado ABS a granel, se fabrica disolviendo un caucho de polibutadieno preformado en estireno y acrilonitrilo y polimerizando la soluci\u00f3n de forma continua, sin agua. Los procesos de masa comerciales a menudo contienen algo de disolvente, como etilbenceno, por lo que la ruta tambi\u00e9n recibe el nombre de polimerizaci\u00f3n en soluci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A medida que los mon\u00f3meros polimerizan, el SAN en crecimiento se convierte en la fase continua y el caucho se divide en part\u00edculas, un cambio llamado inversi\u00f3n de fase.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La reacci\u00f3n se detiene antes de la conversi\u00f3n completa. La soluci\u00f3n de pol\u00edmero pasa a trav\u00e9s de desvolatilizadores al vac\u00edo que eliminan el mon\u00f3mero sin reaccionar y el disolvente para su reciclaje, y la masa fundida desvolatilizada pasa directamente a la granulaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Paso 3: Compounding y granulaci\u00f3n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El ABS se convierte en gr\u00e1nulos mediante extrusi\u00f3n en fundido, y el camino depende de la ruta. El polvo de injerto de emulsi\u00f3n se mezcla en fundido en una extrusora de doble husillo con SAN fabricado por separado y con aditivos como lubricantes, estabilizantes y pigmentos, y los hilos extruidos se cortan en gr\u00e1nulos. El ABS de masa no necesita un paso de mezcla separado: los aditivos se dosifican en la masa fundida desvolatilizada en su camino hacia el granulador.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para el ABS de emulsi\u00f3n, la relaci\u00f3n de polvo de injerto a SAN establece el contenido de caucho de la resina terminada, por lo que un injerto rico en caucho puede diluirse en <a href=\"https:\/\/bastone-petrochem.com\/es\/product-category\/synthetic-resin\/abs\/\">se sit\u00faan entre 38 y 47 MPa en el l\u00edmite el\u00e1stico, con las calidades de alto impacto en el extremo inferior.<\/a> de varios niveles de impacto.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Antes del env\u00edo, cada lote se prueba contra la especificaci\u00f3n de ventas del productor. Para un ABS de emulsi\u00f3n de uso general, la especificaci\u00f3n contractual enumera cuatro propiedades: \u00edndice de fluidez volum\u00e9trica en fundido, temperatura de reblandecimiento Vicat, impacto Charpy con entalla e \u00edndice de amarillez, los valores que un <a href=\"https:\/\/bastone-petrochem.com\/es\/read-resin-certificate-analysis\/\">certificado de an\u00e1lisis<\/a> informa para cada lote.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>ABS is made by polymerizing styrene and acrylonitrile in the presence of polybutadiene rubber, so that part of the styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN) grafts onto the rubber particles and the rest forms the rigid matrix around them. The three monomers come from petrochemical streams, and the polymerized resin is compounded and cut into pellets before it [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[66],"tags":[70],"class_list":["post-1963","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-production-processes","tag-abs"],"blocksy_meta":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>How Is Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Made - BASTONE<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bastone-petrochem.com\/es\/how-is-acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene-made\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How Is Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Made - BASTONE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"ABS is made by polymerizing styrene and acrylonitrile in the presence of polybutadiene rubber, so that part of the styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN) grafts onto the rubber particles and the rest forms the rigid matrix around them. 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The three monomers come from petrochemical streams, and the polymerized resin is compounded and cut into pellets before it [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/bastone-petrochem.com\/es\/how-is-acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene-made\/","og_site_name":"BASTONE","article_published_time":"2026-10-23T00:00:00+00:00","author":"Stoneexpert","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/bastone-petrochem.com\/how-is-acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene-made\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/bastone-petrochem.com\/how-is-acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene-made\/"},"author":{"name":"Stoneexpert","@id":"https:\/\/bastone-petrochem.com\/#\/schema\/person\/e7ac5c8da49e0875ec220147ea11b63b"},"headline":"How Is Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Made","datePublished":"2026-10-23T00:00:00+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/bastone-petrochem.com\/how-is-acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene-made\/"},"wordCount":747,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/bastone-petrochem.com\/#organization"},"keywords":["ABS"],"articleSection":["How It's Made"],"inLanguage":"es"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/bastone-petrochem.com\/how-is-acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene-made\/","url":"https:\/\/bastone-petrochem.com\/how-is-acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene-made\/","name":"\u00bfC\u00f3mo se fabrica el acrilonitrilo butadieno estireno? 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