{"id":1905,"date":"2026-10-07T08:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-10-07T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bastone-petrochem.com\/?p=1905"},"modified":"2026-10-05T18:19:18","modified_gmt":"2026-10-05T10:19:18","slug":"bio-polypropylene-production-process","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bastone-petrochem.com\/es\/bio-polypropylene-production-process\/","title":{"rendered":"Proceso de producci\u00f3n de biopolipropileno"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El bio-polipropileno se fabrica en tres pasos: una materia prima renovable como cultivos azucareros, residuos de madera o aceite de cocina usado se convierte en propileno mediante una de varias rutas, y ese bio-propileno se polimeriza en plantas de PP ordinarias de la misma manera que el propileno f\u00f3sil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Las rutas que han operado comercialmente alimentan hidrocarburos renovables a trav\u00e9s de unidades f\u00f3siles existentes junto con materia prima f\u00f3sil, por lo que la cuota bio de cada lote se asigna en los libros por balance de masa; European Bioplastics llama a dicha resina \u201cbio-atribuida\u201d en lugar de biobasada. Las rutas que producen propileno \u00fanicamente a partir de biomasa, de modo que todo su carbono es biog\u00e9nico, se han ejecutado a escala piloto y de demostraci\u00f3n con etanol e isopropanol.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Paso 1: La Materia Prima Renovable<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El Bio-PP se fabrica a partir de tres tipos de materia prima renovable:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Cultivos de az\u00facar y almid\u00f3n<\/strong>: ca\u00f1a de az\u00facar y ma\u00edz, los cultivos de los que se produce el bio-etanol convencional.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Biomasa lignocelul\u00f3sica<\/strong>: residuos agr\u00edcolas y forestales y residuos org\u00e1nicos municipales, la parte no comestible del material vegetal.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Aceites y grasas vegetales<\/strong>: aceite de colza y girasol, aceite de cocina usado, grasas animales y tall oil, un subproducto de la pasta kraft.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Los aceites y grasas, incluidos los grados de residuos y desechos, son la materia prima de las rutas que han operado comercialmente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Paso 2: Convertir la Materia Prima en Bio-Propileno<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La materia prima renovable se convierte en propileno de una de dos maneras principales: los aceites y grasas se hidrotratan en hidrocarburos y se alimentan a unidades f\u00f3siles existentes junto con materia prima f\u00f3sil, o los az\u00facares y la lignocelulosa primero se convierten en un alcohol que una cadena dedicada transforma en propileno. Las unidades f\u00f3siles son un craqueador de vapor o una planta de deshidrogenaci\u00f3n de propano, y el alcohol es etanol, isopropanol o metanol.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hidrocarburos Renovables Co-Alimentados a un Craqueador de Vapor<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un craqueador de vapor produce bio-propileno craqueando aceite vegetal o de desecho hidrotratado junto con su nafta o gas\u00f3leo f\u00f3sil habitual. El craqueo de vapor de aceite vegetal ya figuraba como comercial en una <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC4581186\/\">revisi\u00f3n de 2015<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Debido a que las materias primas renovables y f\u00f3siles se mezclan, la cuota bio de un lote de ruta de craqueador se atribuye por balance de masa bajo ISCC PLUS: el productor puede registrar su insumo renovable certificado a lotes de salida seleccionados, siempre que el total no exceda lo que entr\u00f3, menos las p\u00e9rdidas. Cada entrega se env\u00eda entonces con una declaraci\u00f3n de sostenibilidad que indica la cantidad registrada, emitida bajo el certificado de sitio del productor, que es v\u00e1lido por 12 meses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Propano Renovable Mediante Deshidrogenaci\u00f3n de Propano<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Una unidad de deshidrogenaci\u00f3n de propano (PDH) extrae hidr\u00f3geno del propano renovable para producir propileno, exactamente como lo hace con el propano f\u00f3sil. El propano renovable es un subproducto del hidrotratamiento de aceites y grasas vegetales en di\u00e9sel renovable, combustible de aviaci\u00f3n y gasolina.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Borealis inform\u00f3 haber iniciado la producci\u00f3n de PP renovable por esta ruta en diciembre de 2019, alimentando el propano renovable de Neste a su planta de PDH en Kallo, B\u00e9lgica, en reemplazo parcial del propano f\u00f3sil. Al igual que en la ruta del craqueador, la cuota bio de cada lote se atribuye por balance de masa bajo ISCC PLUS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Bio-Etanol a Propileno<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El bio-etanol se convierte en propileno ya sea a trav\u00e9s de etileno, en varios pasos, o directamente sobre un catalizador en un reactor. En la ruta de m\u00faltiples pasos, el etanol se deshidrata a etileno, y parte del etileno se dimeriza a buteno, que despu\u00e9s de la isomerizaci\u00f3n se hace reaccionar con el resto del etileno mediante met\u00e1tesis para dar propileno.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La producci\u00f3n comercial por esta ruta est\u00e1 planificada a partir de 2029, cuando est\u00e1 programado que inicie la planta de Citroniq en Nebraska.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Fermentaci\u00f3n a Isopropanol, Luego Deshidrataci\u00f3n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La ruta del isopropanol fermenta az\u00facares de biomasa a isopropanol con un microbio modificado gen\u00e9ticamente y deshidrata el isopropanol a propileno. Antes de la deshidrataci\u00f3n, el isopropanol debe destilarse de un caldo de fermentaci\u00f3n diluido.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mitsui Chemicals ejecut\u00f3 toda la cadena a escala de demostraci\u00f3n en un proyecto con el Ministerio del Medio Ambiente de Jap\u00f3n. El <a href=\"https:\/\/www.env.go.jp\/content\/000164282.pdf\">informe final<\/a>, del proyecto, fechado en febrero de 2022, nombr\u00f3 el costo y la eficiencia de reacci\u00f3n entre los problemas a\u00fan por resolver antes de la comercializaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Gasificaci\u00f3n a Metanol, Luego Metanol-a-Propileno<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La ruta de gasificaci\u00f3n produce metanol a partir de biomasa s\u00f3lida gasificada, como astillas de madera, y luego convierte el metanol en propileno. La conversi\u00f3n utiliza ya sea metanol-a-propileno (MTP), construido para producir principalmente propileno, o metanol-a-olefinas (MTO), que produce etileno y propileno juntos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Las dos etapas han operado comercialmente cada una, pero por separado; combinarlas para producir bio-propileno se ha evaluado en estudios de dise\u00f1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Paso 3: Polimerizar Bio-Propileno en Plantas de PP Existentes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El bio-propileno se polimeriza en plantas de PP existentes con los mismos catalizadores y condiciones que el propileno f\u00f3sil, porque es la misma mol\u00e9cula. El tren de polimerizaci\u00f3n es el que se utiliza en la fabricaci\u00f3n convencional de PP, y la resina es qu\u00edmicamente id\u00e9ntica al PP f\u00f3sil: viene en el mismo homopol\u00edmero, copol\u00edmero aleatorio e de impacto <a href=\"https:\/\/bastone-petrochem.com\/es\/product-category\/synthetic-resin\/pp\/\">PP grades<br><\/a> y entra en la misma corriente de reciclaje. Ser biobasado no lo hace biodegradable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El carbono biobasado en el PP terminado se mide mediante an\u00e1lisis de radiocarbono, seg\u00fan ASTM D6866 o su equivalente ISO 16620-2, o seg\u00fan EN 16640 en Europa. La prueba lee lo que est\u00e1 f\u00edsicamente en la muestra, por lo que puede verificar el contenido bio de la resina de una ruta dedicada, pero en un lote de balance de masa no necesita coincidir con la cuota declarada.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bio-polypropylene is made in three steps: a renewable feedstock such as sugar crops, wood residues or used cooking oil is converted into propylene by one of several routes, and that bio-propylene is polymerized in ordinary PP plants the same way fossil propylene is. The routes that have run commercially feed renewable hydrocarbons through existing fossil [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1905","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"blocksy_meta":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Bio-Polypropylene Production Process - BASTONE<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bastone-petrochem.com\/es\/bio-polypropylene-production-process\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Bio-Polypropylene Production Process - BASTONE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Bio-polypropylene is made in three steps: a renewable feedstock such as sugar crops, wood residues or used cooking oil is converted into propylene by one of several routes, and that bio-propylene is polymerized in ordinary PP plants the same way fossil propylene is. 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